February 2, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao delivered at the University of Cambridge, affectionate speech to students and scholars in the brief history of China's reform and opening up the same time, urging everyone to "perspective of development in China."
February 2, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao delivered at the University of Cambridge, affectionate speech to students and scholars in the brief history of China’s reform and opening up the same time, urging everyone to “perspective of development in China.”
Perspective of development of China ━ ━ lecture at Cambridge University
The People’s Republic of China Premier Wen Jiabao
Dear Principal,
Teachers and fellow students:
Today, under the snow outside, the weather was cold, but my heart is hot. I already look forward to in Cambridge with the teachers and students to meet, exchange ideas. Now is the winter season of the financial crisis, but I see that young people seemed to see the spring and see the bright and the future. Because I firmly believe that the power of knowledge, young people’s courage, it can change the fate of the country’s fate, the fate of the entire world. A good speech should be not modified. Heart and tell the truth, this is the substance of speech. I hope my speech will give teachers and students thinking of enlightenment. You can remember one or two sentences, then I would also be satisfied.
To higher education, my heart is always full of respect. This feeling is due to my knowledge, the teachers and the school respect. So, I referred to just deep to the principals, to teachers bowed, it was not etiquette, but a deal with the principals and teachers of students due courtesy.
Came to the coveted University of Cambridge, very happy. Cambridge world-famous, cultivate Newton, Darwin, Bacon, and many other prominent scientists, thinkers, for the progress of human civilization has made important contributions. This year is the 800th anniversary of the school in Cambridge, I wish to extend my warm congratulations! First of all, I would like to Cambridge presented “Chinese digital book store,” a collection of China published 200,000 kinds of electronic books, related to China’s political, economic, historical, cultural and other fields, we can learn more about China.
This is my fourth visit to the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom are far apart, but the friendly exchanges between the two peoples continued to increase. The Hong Kong question satisfactorily resolved, trade, culture, education, science and technology areas such as effective cooperation for the development of Sino-British comprehensive strategic partnership has laid a solid foundation. At this point, I would like to long-term commitment to the Sino-British friendship and the friends who pay high tribute!
Today, I lecture is entitled: The perspective of development in China.
I deeply love the country – old and young.
Said she was the oldest, she is a country with thousands of years of civilization, the history of the East power. Of the Chinese nation with their diligence and wisdom, created the splendid ancient civilization, to have made a significant contribution to human development.
Said she was young, before New China was founded 60 years before reform and opening up 30 years. The Chinese people after a long and unremitting struggle to establish a new China, but also painstaking exploration, finally found the path of development suited to national conditions – the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, China’s ancient civilization glow of youthful vitality.
China’s reform and opening up, the most important is the emancipation of the mind, the most fundamental and most long-term significance is the institutional innovation. We promote economic structural reform, the establishment of a socialist market economy system. Under the government’s macro-control and give full play to the market allocation of resources based role. We deepen political restructuring, the development of democracy and improve the legal system combine the implementation of the people as masters, the rule of law and building a socialist country ruled by law.
The substance of reform and opening up is to adhere to people-oriented, through the liberating and developing productive forces to meet the people’s increasing material and cultural needs, in fair conditions for all-round human development; is to ensure people’s democratic rights, so that the country politically stable and harmonious, prosperous; is to maintain human dignity and freedom, so that each person’s wisdom and strength to burst the successful pursuit of their own happy life.
Past 30 years, China’s poor population decreased more than 200 million, average life expectancy increased by 5 years, 83 million people with disabilities receive special care in government and society, which is the glorious achievements of human rights protection in China. The implementation of nine years of free compulsory education, the establishment of rural cooperative medical system, the improvement of the social security system, so that their studies education, medical services and a secured an ideal, is a reality.
I would like to borrow two of Tang poetry to describe China’s current situation: “The two sides are wide tide, the wind is Yifan hanging.” Chinese people are striving to achieve modernization, it is an ancient, but new large developing countries carried out a great practice. Masters of their own fate, the Chinese people’s confidence in the future!
I deeply love the country – after suffering but self-improvement.
When I was young had long been working in China’s Northwest Territories. In the vast expanse of desert, the growth with a rare species, called euphratica. It is rooted in more than 50 meters underground, anti-drought, fighting wind and sand, salinity, extremely tenacious vitality. It is “a thousand years are born alive, dead and a thousand years does not fall, down a thousand years and the immortal”, the world tree known as the hero. I really like Populus euphratica, which is the Chinese symbol of perseverance.
For thousands of years, the Chinese defeated the natural disasters time and again, through the rapids, their heads held high to walk today. Great suffering, cast her perseverance and tenacity of character. History has proved that the Chinese nation, a truth: a nation lost in the disaster, the nation’s progress will be compensated.
At this moment, I can not help but recall that in Wenchuan earthquake experiences. Last year in May, took place that shocked the world Wenchuan big earthquake, Beichuan Middle School was razed to the ground, the children suffered heavy casualties. However, after a lapse of 10 days, when I came here the second time, the villagers have been erected on the ruins of the board room classroom, the campus also echoes the sound of reading aloud children’s reading voice. I was on the blackboard, giving the students wrote a “more difficult to make the country prosperous,” the words. Since the earthquake, I have seven times to the Wenchuan disaster area, faced with this touching stories too numerous to mention. I’m more setback of the Chinese nation that deeply moved by the spirit of the Fen. This great spirit of our nation is filled with suffering and the increasingly strong, the endless source of strength.
After half a century of hard work, China has relatively large development in the forefront of economic aggregates largest in the world, but we are still a developing country, compared with developed countries there is a great difference. A large population, weak economic foundation and unbalanced development, the basic situation has not fundamentally change. China’s per capita GDP levels, ranked 100 in the world, after only one eighteenth of the United Kingdom. Have been to China travel friends, you can see the city is modern, and our rural areas is still relatively backward.
Into the middle of this century, China will basically realize modernization, facing the three major historical tasks: to make efforts to achieve the industrialization of Europe has already been completed, but also to catch up with the new wave of scientific and technological revolution; it is necessary to continuously improve the level of economic development, but also to achieve social fairness and justice ; not only to achieve national sustainable development, and also undertake corresponding international obligations. China to catch up with developed countries, there is still a long, long way to go, but also face many difficulties and obstacles. However, no difficulty can obstruct the advance of the Chinese people, as long as we consistently work hard, the goal of China’s modernization will be realized.
I deeply love of the motherland – cherished traditional and open-minded.
Profound traditional Chinese cultural background, extensive and profound. “And” in Chinese ancient history is seen as the highest value is the essence of Chinese culture. Ancient Chinese classic – “Shang Shu” proposed “people Zhaoming, Harmonizing” ideal, advocated the people live in harmony and friendship between countries.
“And the precious” cultural traditions, nurtured the Chinese nation’s broad. Our nation, both carrying things like the earth, like generous inclusion; can run like heaven energetic as highlight justice.
The 15th century, a famous Chinese navigator Zheng He’s seven voyages, he went to 30 countries. He brought Chinese tea, silk, porcelain, also helped to exterminate the pirates along the way some countries and truly love to friends sowing.
Guo-Qiang Bi-Ba, is not suitable for China. Dominate not only contrary to our cultural traditions, also goes against the will of the people of China. China’s development does not harm anyone, do not threaten anybody. China to do a big country of peace, learning a big country, and cooperation in power, committed to building a harmonious world.
In different countries, different cultures, and in mutual respect, mutual tolerance and mutual learning. China today, there are 300 million people in learning English, there are more than 100 million young people studying abroad. Our television, radio, publishing, and other news media, every day, introducing the arts and culture around the world. It is precisely because we are good at learning in communication, in the drawing in the harvest, only today, China’s prosperity and progress.
Into the 21st century, economic globalization, the information network, has fused the world and cultural development of their own will no longer be closed, but in the mutual influence of multiple coexistence. A country, a nation the size of the contribution to human culture, more and more depends on her ability to absorb foreign culture and self-renewal capacity. China will always adhere to the principle of an open and receptive, both cherished tradition, but also adopt many, the way a civilized and harmonious way to achieve economic prosperity and social progress.
Teachers and fellow students:
The reason I emphasize perspective of development in China, that is because the world is changing, China is also changing. In today’s China has long been a hundred years ago is not a closed and backward old China, nor is it 30 years ago, poverty in China’s rigid. After reform and opening up, China’s face was hardly recognizable. Beijing Olympic Games to show the world, and is such an ancient, colorful and modern China. I hope that the friends, more to China and look around to see what the Chinese people today, thinking about what to do, care about what. In this way, will help you know a true, continuous development of changing China, and also help you understand how to deal with the current China in this global financial crisis.
In this unprecedented world financial crisis, China and Europe, including Britain, have been seriously affected. Now that the crisis has not yet bottomed out, this may cause a variety of serious consequences difficult to predict. Co-response, tiding over the difficulties is our top priority.
I think that dealing with global crisis, the need to strengthen cooperation. To what extent there is mutual trust, it is possible to what extent co-operation. The Chinese Government maintains: first, we must first run the countries themselves do not bring trouble onto others; second, to sincere cooperation and avoiding beggar thy neighbor; third, to treating the symptoms, not treat the head headaches, Detoxification foot doctor . I argued at Davos has been reaffirmed that the international monetary and financial systems should carry out the necessary reforms, the establishment of a fair, just, inclusive and orderly international financial order, to create an enabling institutional environment of global economic development.
Here I would like to talk about China is how to deal with this financial crisis.
The financial crisis on China’s real economy has become increasingly apparent. Since the third quarter of last year, exports have fallen sharply, economic growth slowing, the employment pressure has increased. China’s economy is facing a tough situation. The face of crisis, we are resolute decision-making, timely adjustments to macro-economic policy orientation, the rapid introduction of 10 measures to expand domestic demand, have worked out a series of policies, forming a complete system to promote stable and rapid economic development of the package. Mainly include the following aspects:
The first large-scale increase in government spending to expand domestic demand. The Chinese government launched a fiscal expenditures in order to promote social investment, amounting to 4 trillion yuan of the two-year plan, the scale of 2007, China GDP, 16%. Mainly for protection of homes, rural livelihood projects, rail transport and other infrastructure, social undertakings, ecological environmental construction and post-earthquake reconstruction. The Chinese government also launched a large-scale tax-cut plan, a year reduce the burden on businesses and residents of about 500 billion yuan. We are also aggressively cutting interest rates and increase the liquidity of the banking system, issued a series of financial measures.
Second, the implementation of a wide range of industrial restructuring revitalization plan. Our comprehensive industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading, development of automobiles, steel and other 10 key industries to restructure and revitalize the planning. We have adopted economic and technological measures to vigorously promote energy-saving emission reduction, promote enterprise mergers and reorganizations, increased industrial concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation. We encourage and support enterprise wide application of new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new materials, development of marketable products.
Third, vigorously promote scientific and technological progress and innovation. Science and technology is the fundamental force to overcome the financial crisis. Each a major crisis is often accompanied by a new scientific and technological revolution; every economic recovery, are inseparable from technological innovation. We speed up the implementation of national long-term scientific and technological development plan, in particular, the core electronics, nuclear energy development and utilization of high-grade CNC machine tools and other 16 major projects, breaking through a number of common core technologies and key technologies for China’s economy at a higher level scientific and technological support to achieve sustainable development. Promote the development of high-tech industry groups, cultivate new economic growth point. We want to rely on a major breakthrough in science and technology, creating new social needs, birth of a new round of economic prosperity.
4 is a substantial increase in the level of social security. Continue to improve the basic pension for enterprise retirees, improve the unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance, the gold standard, improve urban and rural minimal needs, the rural five-guarantees and other security level. Actively promote the medical and health system, and strive to basically completed in three years covered by the national urban and rural areas of the basic medical and health system, initially to achieve universal access to basic medical and health services. We insist on the priority development of education, is drafting a “National Reform and Development Plan and long-term.” We have implemented a more active employment policy, focusing on college graduates and migrant workers to solve employment problems. Open up employment opportunities, alleviate employment pressure.
We take these measures to expand domestic demand, adjust the revitalization of industries, strengthening the scientific and technological support, strengthen social security, combine to stimulate economic growth and improving people’s livelihood, increase employment combine to overcome the current difficulties and to promote long-term development together. This is conducive to China’s development will also bring countries in the world including the United Kingdom businesses tremendous opportunities.
Hundred years of this financial crisis, leaving the world’s thinking is heavy. It warns people that the existing economic system and economic theory, there should be a deep reflection.
China has long been pursuing a highly centralized planned economy, the plan as absolute, and constrained the development of productivity. We have seen this financial crisis, the market is not omnipotent, blindly laissez-faire, is bound to cause economic chaos and social distribution of the injustice, the ultimate punishment. The real market-oriented reform, and never will the market mechanism and the state’s macro regulation and control against each other. It is necessary to play to the market the role of the invisible hand, but also government and society to play a regulatory role only visible hand. With both hands, both hands at the same time play a role, can be achieved in accordance with laws of the market allocation of resources, but also in order to make a reasonable allocation of resources, coordination, equitable, and sustainable.
The international financial crisis once again tell people that unregulated market economy is so horrible. Since the age of 90 from the last century, a number of economies, lax regulation, a number of financial institutions by profit-driven, using the number of times over the financial leverage to finance, access to high profits, while the huge risk of leaving the whole world. This fully shows that unregulated market economy is doomed. Therefore, we must deal with financial innovation and financial supervision and the relationship between virtual economy and real economy, the relationship between the relationship between savings and consumption.
Effectively deal with the crisis, we must attach great importance to the role of morality. Morality is the world’s greatest moral light or even brilliant than the sun. A real economic theory, and never in conjunction with the highest ethical standards conflict. Economics should represent the impartiality and integrity, equality and to promote all people, including the most vulnerable populations well-being. Known as the father of modern economics, Adam Smith in the “Theory of Moral Sentiments,” pointed out: “If a society’s economic success can not really trickled down into public hands, then it will be unpopular in the moral, but also risk, because it is destined to threaten social stability. “ethical shortcomings led to the financial crisis, a deep-seated reasons. Some unscrupulous people, damage the public interest, the loss of a moral bottom line. We should advocate: Corporate social responsibility to bear, and entrepreneurs who want to flow with the blood of morality.
Teachers and fellow students:
English is my last stop on this European tour. The visit has deepened my understanding of Europe. China-EU cooperation has stood at a new historical starting point. I have to develop a comprehensive strategic partnership between China and the EU have become more confident. Left over from history between us there is no problem, there was no fundamental conflict of interest. China-EU cooperation a solid foundation and bright prospects. Britain is the first to enter a modern country, you develop the economy, protect the environment, there are many successful experiences. We would like to you to learn, step up exchanges and cooperation.
The future belongs to the younger generation. Bright prospects for Sino-British relations to rely on young people to open up. Thinking back, I am reminded of the Sino-British cultural exchange to make an important contribution to Dr. Joseph Needham of Cambridge alumni. His feature-length masterpiece, “Chinese History of Science and Technology”, in the East and West both as a bridge between civilizations. Inherit the tradition and innovation, is an excellent character of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge hopes that more people are concerned about China, with a development perspective in China, so the friendly exchanges between Chinese and British envoys. I believe that as long as the Chinese and British young people learn from each other, hand in hand in hand, will write a new chapter in Sino-British relations.
Thank you!
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